Construction of furnace or oven arches



3 Sheets-Sheet 1 w I ,m wf MK \& l i ,.mm J nwuunnnnu. .......hhnnnwuuu M March 11, 1930. A. RAGoucY CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACE OR OVEN ARCHES Filed Jung 4, 192e March 11, 1930. A. C. RAGOUCY f 1,150,355

CONSTRUCTIION OF FURNACE OR OVEN ARCHES Wijzew Y v welzfaf' March 11,l 1930. A, c, RAGOUCY 1,750,355

CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACE 0R OVEN ARCHES Filed June 4, 1926 5 She'etS-Sheel'. 3

1l Pleno W Z'Iflzewd? a/@Jafar Patented Mar. 11, 1930 UNITED STATES ALEXIS CONSTANT RAGOUCY, OF BOURGOIN, IIEIRAIEI'CIII` CONSTRUCTION 0F FURNAGE OR OVEN ARCHES' Application nled June4, 1926, Serial No. 113,745, and in France June `9, 1925.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of furnace or oven arches for ceramic and tile furnaces.

In furnaces and ovens of cement concrete there is a tendency to do away with the arch of circular formation which exercises a considerable compression owing to the fact of its weight and of the expansion produced at high temperatures. A rapid deterioration results and even a partial sagging of the arch if `the temperature approaches its melting point.

- These arches have been replaced by a system of arches known as suspended arches .which do away with lateral pressures and are carried b framework on the longitudinal walls of t e ovenvor furnace.

In arches of this type built up of elementsl replaceable in case of damage, the bricks are suspended from a cast slab or metal framework. These arches have also an advantage in that the lates 've an equal radiation over all the sur ace o the furnace but owing to their metal frame they render the upper part of the furnace useless.

According to the present invention the suspended arch plate is composed of refractory placed by a or other bricks having holes therein an intermediate layer and a suspending framework of steel, iron or thelike resting at one end on the reinforced wall or block of the arch and at the other on the furnace or oven walls. In these suspending membersholes are formed similar to and in line with the -holes in the bricks. Metal rods or tubes are passed through these holes the rods or tubes having the same diameter as the holes in the bricks, each reinforced block or slab is made up of a number of rows of bricks in such a way as to be capable of being removed from the arch in case, of damage and of being resimilar element. d In order to facilitate the constructionof such arches and also to lower the temperatures to which the bricks and above all the suspension members are raised; the vseveral elements are formed as follows (a) the supporting means for the bricks comprises hollow tubes allowing for air circulation through the interiors thereof.

(b) the suspension members are formed either of hooks or continuous bands surroundinc the supporting rods or tubes and embelded in the slab, or hollow tubes of U shape rods emerging at the upper side of the slab in a. slot formed for this purpose. 4

("0) an air or water circulation in the space between the refractory bricks and the reinforced slab and a course of hollow bricks.

(d) the bricks being formed with a recess forming, once. the bricks are assembled side by side to dry, an expansion space, leaving a groove into which a seal is run and above which a fire clay or other making-up material is placed.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a. section plan of arch.

Fig. 2 is'a section on line 2--2` Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a section on line 3-3 Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 Fig. 2.v

Figs. -5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 show, various types of bricks.

Fig. 10 is a transverse section on line 10-10 Fig. 11.

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section on Aline 11-11 Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 11.

Figs. 13 and 14 are sections `on line 13-13 Fig. 14 and line 14-14 Fig. 13` respectively.

Figure 15 is a detail sectional view of the brick a, tube y' and rod r.

The bricks a are formed with two ormore holes b..

The suspension rods .0, arranged in rows, are formed with holes opposite the holes b in each brick and are embedded at their upper ends in a moulded slab d serving as a stay for the arch and resting at its two ends on the furnace or oven walls e.' The connecting medium for ythe blocks a consists of round or other Vshaped steel bars f, vthere being the same number of bars as there are holes 1n the free portion of the rods c and in the bricks a,

which pass through these holes in bricks a and allow for perfect cohesion between these latter. The suspension rods c may be simply embedded in the slab d or combined with the reinforcements thereof in which case the portion embedded in the slab is formed with holes for the passage o'f the reinforcing members g which increases its strength.

The slab al may be run directly on to the bricks a but it is preferable owing to the expansioil of these latter to interpo'se a cushion layer L of some heat insulating material or even to leave an air space.

The reinforced slab d instead o'f being made in one Continous block may be run in in separate removable sections of the size of one or more rows of bricks.

Figs. 5 to 9 show bricksfa of different forms some having slots z' for the ro'ds c. They may either be used to have their longest side vertical Figs. 8 and 9 or side ways.

In Fig. 10 the bricks a formed with one or more holes are carried on hollow tubes j one end c of each tube passing out to the atmosphere and to' the other Z into a slot in the chimney where they are removably carried in a. duct o. The tubes j are supported partly by the sides and partly at regular intervals by supports m suspended from the upper slab d (Fig. 10.) These supports m are made up either of hooks n (Fig. 11) surrounding the tubes j and with their ends passing over the reinforcements g in the slab d, of continuous bands o acting in the same way or of hollow elbow tubes p of U shape passingfunder the tubes j and through the slab d in which they are anchored by suitable means, one such means comprising a nut g screwed thereon and embedded in the slab.

The tubes y' instead of being made fast to the reinforcements g may be adjustable in height by the niit g being carried in a suitable s'lot in theslab d.

In order to allow for lateral movement dueA to expansion and contraction of the bricks the tubes j may be supported by rods 71 one end of the rods being formed to encircle the tube, passing through the slab but provided with suiiicient play for movement in a tapered space s surrounded by ire clay or other material and having a hole at its smaller upper end 'for the passage of the rod r. A further fire clay lined channel is formed above the spaces s into which the rod 1' projects a washer u being placed over the rod to distribute the pressure from the nut Tige cushion layer h separating the slab d from the bricks a may be in the form of an air space communicating through a tube w with the outside air and by a tube m with the chimney (Fig. 10).

This air space or cushion layer h may be lined with fire clay y and may replace the tapered spaces s (Fig. 13) forming a channel (Fig. 14) through which air can circulate by material draught or other means.

The insulation of the slab cl may be increased by arranging one or more rows of hollow bricks s between it and the refractory bricks a.

The chimney draught creates a circulation through the tubes as well as through the space h between the bricks a and the slab d, a circulation in the direction of the arrows 2 and 3. If this circulation is not sufficient it may be augmented by pumps or fans.

In the same way in the case of the suspension being by tubes p air may be circulated therethrough and the temperature of the bricks and tubes kept down.

As shown in Figs. 13 and 14 the tubes may be in short lengths of steel or cast.

The tubes j and the supports, may either be at the junction of two bricks (Fig. 14:) or at the centre of each. (Fig. 15).

The bricks Figs. 13 and 14 may be formed with a small recess 7^ forming, once the bricks are assembled side by side to dry, an eXpansion space leaving a groove 5 into which a seal G is run and above which fire clay or other making up material 7 is placed.

If the oven is to be raised to a very high temperature the cooling of the bricks may be augmented by a water circulation which replaces the air circulation in the tubes and p.

This arrangement of cooled arch considerably lengthens the life of such ovens which normally require re-lining frequently owing to the giving way and cracking of the bricks raised to excessive temperature.

Furthermore the tubes j carrying the bricks, not being sealed in, can on being taken down for replacement of bricks be withdrawn and replaced, 'and the suspension members p or r allow for adjustment of the height of the bricks and give suitable play for expansion and contraction.

A furnace or oven arch is thus constructed having the advantage of being flat, this fact lessening the radiation and allowing for use being made of the upper part, and built up of interchangeable parts which allows for more rapid construction and facilitates repairs to a damaged section.

What I claim as my invention and desire to protect by Letters Patent is l 1. Ina ceramic or tile furnace in combination with lateral walls, a flat slab resting on said walls and serving as a continuous stay for the arch, refractory bricks arranged in rows, forming a substantially flat roof for the oven and provided with transverse o enings, suspension members depending rom said slab, the lower end of each of said members being disposed at the junction of a pair of adjacent bricks of a row, and a tube carried by said suspension members and the opposite ends of which tube enter said openings of said adjacent bricks, said suspension elements being each rovided with a ring freely engaged on the tu e. 2. An arch plate for an oven as in claim l, in which the slab is provided with a tapered space surrounding each of the suspension members and is provided with an opening at the smaller upper end of said tapered space for the passage of the corresponding suspension member and means are provided for independently supporting said suspension members. Y

3. An arch plate for a ceramic furnace, comprising in combination with lateral walls, a flat slab resting on said walls and serving as a continuous stay for the arch, refractory bricks arranged in rows, forming a substantially iat roof for the oven ofthe furnace and provided with transverse openings, suspenslon members depending from said slab, the lower end of each of said members being disposed at the junction of each pair of adjacent bricks of a row, and a tube carried by said suspension members and vthe opposite ends of which tube enter said openings of said adjacent bricks, said rows of bricks being provided with openings and hollow connecting tubes corresponding to the rows of bricks to y form a conduit for a cooling fluid, and means provided to cause a circulation of such fiuid through such conduit.

4. ceiling structure for ceramic furnaces, comprising in combination with lateral walls, a flat slab supported by said walls and forming a continuous support for the ceiling structure, a channel member'embedded in and extendin across said slab and forming a conduit t ereacross, a suspension element secured to and depending from said channel 40 member, tubes carried by said suspension element, and refractory bricks arranged in rows and provided with openings through which said tubes pass, and a heat protecting layer separating the bricks from the slab, the said,

openings of the bricks communicating with the duct formed by the channel member. 5. A ceramic furnace having side walls, a covering slab of reinforced concrete resting on said-walls and extendingacross the furnace, a furnace arch composed of refractory bricks and arranged below said slab, and supporting members for said bricks also carried by said slab, the said slab having an open ended duct extending thereacross and said bricks also having a duct extending thereacross and communicating at its ends with the said duct in the slab.

6. A ceramic `oven having lateral walls, a ,covering slab of reinforced concrete resting upon said walls and extending across the oven and a furnace arch composed of refractory bricks and arranged below said slab, and suspension elements for said bricks also carried 65 by said slab, said slab having a passage exature. A OUCY. 

